Pinus thunbergii Pare, also known as white bud pine, is a pine tree, an evergreen tree native to Japan and the southern coast of North Korea, along the coast of Jiaodong and
It is widely distributed in Thailand and Mengshan, with low drought resistance, sea fog resistance, strong wind resistance, and tall and beautiful tree shape. It is the first choice for afforestation of barren mountains and the construction of coastal shelterbelts.
Kind, it is also a good landscaping tree species. Since 2001, we have been conducting research on container nursery cultivation for black pines in Nangaozhuang Village, Xiangjing Town, Taonan County.
Instructing seedlings, the cultivated annual black pine container seedlings were inspected by the Southern Seed Inspection Center of the State Forestry Administration in 2003, with a pass rate of 94% and annual production of various types of seedlings.
With 56 million trees, Nangao Village has become the largest breeding base and distribution center for black pine seedlings in southeastern Shandong Province. The seedlings are sold throughout the province to be used for greening of barren hills and cities.
Greening of the city has achieved better economic and social benefits. The current practice of raising seedlings for black pine containers is summarized as follows:
1 Seed collection and processing
1.1 Seeds of Pinus thunbergii mature in the mid-to-mid-October of October. At this time, the cones turn from dark green to yellow-brown, and the upper scales should be timely collected when they are microcracked. Picked ball
The fruit was exposed to sunlight and turned several times a day. The fruit scale cracked, the seeds emerged, and after the wind was selected, the bags were hidden over winter. The quality of seeds for seedling production and seedlings
The quality of the seeds has a great influence on the seeds. The seeds of the seeds are white, and the flavors of the oil are scented. The dyeing method is also used. The radicles and the endosperm do not stain well.
1.2 Seed Treatment Seeds were soaked in cold water before sowing to remove impurities and soaked for 2 minutes in 1 ‰ potassium permanganate solution for disinfection. After disinfection
Seed soaking in warm water for 48 hours, then floating out of the upper shell and pod seeds, remove the remaining plump seeds for broadcast.
2 Sprout cultivation
From late March to early April, dig a width of 1 to 1.2 m and a depth of 30 cm in the leeward sunny area. It is advisable not to exceed 10 meters in length so that it can be easily managed and taken seedlings. temperature
The total bed area is calculated at 0.5 jin seeds per square meter. The hotbed is filled with coarse sand and the upper layer is filled with fine sand. The sand is 20-25cm thick. With 800 times carbendazim for buds
The seedbed is fully sterilized and the bed is thoroughly slushed with sand. Then the treated seeds are evenly spread on the sand bed, the density is not mutual
Extrusion is appropriate. Use wooden boards to suppress the seeds, and then cover the clean fine river sand. The thickness should not exceed 0.5 cm, and the seed can be seen. Finally spray water with watering can
, And spray 800 times the carbendazim solution sterilization, and then use plastic film and other materials to cover a small bow shed (also available in the north high south Yangshuo), put a mercury inside
The thermometer measures the temperature inside the booth and is sealed around it. In the first 5 days after the cover film is applied, water is sprayed once every afternoon, and the amount of water spray is generally reached on the bed at noon the next day.
Dry and wet is appropriate. The emergence of seedlings began in 7 days, and basically reached 15 to 20 days. The temperature within the chamber does not exceed 30°C before emergence and does not exceed 28°C after emergence. The temperature is too high.
Ventilation and shading are timely opened in the windows. With the increase in the number of windows opening and cooling, the number of water sprays is increased accordingly, and the air humidity is controlled at 70 to 80%. After the seedlings spray 800 times
Carbendazim prevents blight, if it occurs, dig out the diseased seedlings and the surrounding sand first, and then spray it 800 times with chlorothalonil or Likuning. After 25 days, most of the buds were removed.
The shells and cotyledons can be expanded gradually, and the seedlings can be gradually cultivated. At the beginning, the two ends of the arch canopy can be ventilated, and then the ventilation openings can be gradually increased until they are fully opened. During the hardening period
Spray water once in the morning and evening, shading at noon to prevent sunburn. The time for hardening the seedlings is about 10 days. It should not be too long. It is advisable to shoot lateral roots just before sprouting.
3 Nutrition Soil Preparation and Bagging
Leveling the nursery ground, transferred into a north-south direction seedbed, bed width 1m, width 25 ~ 30cm. The soil in the seedbed was taken out in situ and 0.25kg of calcium phosphate was added per cubic meter.
1kg of ferrous sulfate, 1kg of N, P, K compound fertilizer, 0.02kg of methyl isothione, and 3kg of soil of the best mixed pine forest in the condition, according to the above nutrient soil
Prepare the proportion of the above materials evenly spread on the bed surface and the soil is evenly mixed into the nutrient soil, the prepared nutritious soil is crushed and sieved, and the high 12~15cm is preferred.
, 6~8cm in diameter, with 6 to 10 holes in the bottom of the container bag, when loading soil to start along the end of the seedbed, according to the bed depth of 15cm to level the bottom of the bed, the container bag soil to fill,
After the bags are packed, they should be neatly and tightly arranged in the bed. After the rows are filled, fill the gaps between the bags. Then you can
Acetochlor herbicide was sprayed on, covered with plastic film to remove weeds, and the plastic film was peeled off before transplanting.
4 Transplanting buds
At the end of April and early May, the buds that have undergone hardening can be transplanted into nutritional bags. When planting, insert a small stick (chopper chopsticks) vertically in the center of the well-packed container bag.
Hole, and then put the bud seedling into the hole, gently tap the roots with your fingers, buried the original soil marks to bud seedlings, in order to prevent the bud seedlings overhead, the root can be too long to cut off a
Minute. To plant one seedling per bag, it is best to take the needles during the operation. Do not crush the sprouts. When transplanting, do the planting watering quickly, usually about 1m2 per plant
Spray water with a spray can.
5 Seedling management
5.1 Fertilizer Water Management Buds are sprayed with water once every morning and evening within 3 days after transplanting, and water is sprayed once a day. When the true leaves start to grow, they do not need to spray water every day.
When dry, flood irrigation can be performed in time. During the growth of black pine seedlings, when the height of seedlings reaches 5 cm or more, we must use water spray to perform extra-root fertilizer.
A 500-fold urea solution is sprayed once generally in about 15 days, and after 2 months, it is sprayed with 2 KH2PO4 solution. During the general growth period, the top dressing is 4 to 5 times. To control
The concentration of topdressing fertilizers outside the roots must not cause injury due to high concentrations.
5.2 Disease Prevention and Control Black pine seedlings basically have no insect pests, and the main disease is blight. In order to prevent the emergence of blight, the sprouts are sprayed with 800 more bacteria immediately after transplanting.
Spirit solution, then spray it again every 3-4 days, generally do not need to spray medicine after 1 month. If blight occurs, the diseased plants can be removed and sprayed with 800 times the control of chlorothalonil
.
5.3 Weeding In order to prevent the growth of seedlings from being affected, artificial weeds are used to remove all weeds. Manual weeding should comply with the principle of “three divisions†except early, minor, and addition. also may
Herbicide herbicides from Shitian are used for chemical weeding, but care must be taken in the amount and method.
6 large seedlings
After the container seedlings are grown for 1-2 years, they are transplanted to cultivate large seedlings. The best time for transplanting is from late October to mid-November. Basic formula of nutrition soil
As above, 40 kg of cooked meta-fertilizer can be added per cubic meter. The 1618 cm nutrition bag was used for transplanting according to a 3040 cm row spacing. When transplanting,
Remove the original bag, put the seedlings in the middle of the big bag, and fill it with nutritious soil. The depth of transplanting is appropriate for the original soil. After planting water, it is solid. Strengthen fertilizer and water management and promote
Seedlings grow. After 2 years, it will be shifted by 4060cm.
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