Release date: 2015-06-16
According to the latest issue of Nature and Chemistry, Canadian researchers have discovered a new way to detect cancer biomarkers in human blood: using peptide nucleic acid clamps and nano-microelectronic chips to detect free nucleic acids.
Nucleic acids can be divided into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), usually located in cells, but can sometimes be found in circulating blood. Cancer patients often have more of these detached cells in their blood, and a small percentage of free nucleic acids contain mutations associated with certain cancers.
Common methods for studying free nucleic acids include DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but both methods have certain drawbacks. DNA sequencing is costly, and patients often have to wait a few weeks to get results; PCR requires a large number of samples to be modified to make them fully selective for point mutations.
Many genetic cancer markers contain a point mutation in a particular gene. Point mutations are difficult to detect because they are much less abundant in the blood than normal free nucleic acids or wild-type nucleic acids. One of the ways in which scientists can increase the sensitivity of PCR is to use a gene "clamp" called a peptide nucleic acid. These chains with complementary nucleotide sequences bind to the wild-type sequence to amplify the target sequence.
Researchers at the University of Toronto and Montreal Children's Hospital have developed new methods for the selective identification of genetic mutations in lung and skin cancer without the need for samples or small samples.
The researchers combined peptide nucleic acid clamp technology with electrochemical probe technology to create a fast, selective sensor. They designed a clamp assay to select specific mutations in the KRAS gene, and seven of the KRAS genes are associated with lung cancer.
Experiments have shown that this new method for detecting free nucleic acids using peptide nucleic acid clamps and nano microelectronic chips has sufficient sensitivity and selectivity for detecting cancer markers in the blood of patients. Compared with other methods, this method has many advantages such as low cost, small intrusion, and almost no preparation of samples.
Source: China Science and Technology Network - Technology Daily
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