It has been more than 30 years since the introduction of edible fungi in Yutian County. In recent years, with the gradual expansion of the cultivation scale of edible fungi, the disease of edible fungi has become more and more serious, which has greatly affected the quality of mushroom and the efficiency of mushroom farmers.
Diseases of edible fungi are mainly divided into competitive bacteria, fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, viral diseases, and physiological diseases, among which the most harmful is the competitive bacteria. In production, comprehensive prevention and treatment policies shall be followed, focusing on agricultural prevention and supplemented by chemical control.
I. Competitive bacteria control
There are nine kinds of bacteria, such as bacteria, yeasts, and molds, among which the most dangerous are molds. Mold is mainly divided into green mold, Penicillium, Mucor and so on. Main mold control measures:
1. Do a good job in the cleanliness of seed production and cultivation, and strengthen ventilation.
2. Grasp the air humidity and temperature.
3. The fermentation of the culture material is thorough, and the culture material is disinfected. Aseptic processing is used in the production process.
Second, the main fungal diseases prevention and treatment
1. dry bubble disease. The disinfection of mushroom houses should be well done; the culture materials and earth-covering materials should be sterilized; pests and pests should be prevented and treated in time; once the disease occurs, 500 times solution of carbendazim or 500 times solution of thiophanate-methyl is applied.
2. White rot. Culture materials for secondary fermentation; cover soil disinfection is the key to control of white rot, it is best to 60 °C -70 °C steam disinfection 30 minutes. After covering the soil and before the mushroom bed can be sprayed carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and Fusarium net 500-1000 times liquid control.
3. Soft rot disease. Major hazards mushroom, mushroom and so on. Culture materials for secondary fermentation; soil disinfection; strengthen ventilation, reduce the surface and air humidity; after the onset of spraying 500 times liquid thiophanate-methyl or zinc.
4. Stumble down. The major hazards are Agaricus bisporus, Oyster mushroom and so on Select dry, mold-free material, reduce the source of bacteria; cover steam sterilization; culture materials to high-temperature fermentation and post-fermentation; Pleurotus ostreatus should be low temperature bacteria and the use of fermentation materials.
Third, bacterial disease prevention
1. Bacterial spot disease. The disease can infect Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes, oyster mushroom and so on. The air humidity should be controlled at 85%-90%. After each water spray, it should be ventilated for 1 hour to prevent the surface area of ​​the mushroom cover from getting wet. After the onset of the disease, it should be promptly removed and sprayed with 100-200 international units of streptomycin or 0.1% clotrimazole.
2. Yellow bacillus disease. The disease is mainly harmful to Agaricus bisporus. Prevention and control should do a good job of secondary fermentation and disinfection of culture materials; spraying tetracycline and penicillin after the onset of disease have a certain inhibitory effect; try to reduce the temperature difference and prevent low temperature, so as not to condense droplets of mushroom surface.
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