1, the choice of production environment
The production environment mainly includes atmospheric, water, soil and other factors. First of all, there must be no atmospheric pollution sources around the base. The ambient air conforms to the GB3095 quality standard. Second, the organic land drainage and drainage system and the conventional land should have effective isolation measures. The irrigation water quality must meet the GB5084 water quality standard for farmland irrigation; good. No banned substances were used within 36 months, and no toxic and hazardous substances such as heavy metals were involved. New land reclamation was subject to a conversion period of at least 12 months, and conventional vegetable cultivation to organic vegetable cultivation required a conversion period of 2 years or more.
2, fertilization technology
2.1 types
The types of fertilizers suitable for growing organic vegetables include: organic fertilizers, compost, manure, green manure, mineral-source fertilizers, and pure organic fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers that are produced by some manufacturers and are allowed to be applied on organic vegetables. During the application of these fertilizers, it is necessary to pay attention: the added microorganisms used for organic manure composting must come from nature rather than genetic engineering products; self-manufactured organic manure must be completely decomposed; compost and manure must be fermented to kill the parasites therein Eggs and all kinds of pathogenic bacteria; biogas fertilizers must be tightly closed during the preparation, and there is a proper amount of water, the optimum temperature for fermentation is 25-40°C, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is adjusted to 30-40; the biogas residues can be used as agricultural fertilizer after harmless treatment. : Cultivation of green manure should pay attention to when it is fresh, it should be chopped and turned into the soil through cultivated land, and be decomposed through decomposition or composting through composting. The content of heavy metals in mineral-source fertilizers should meet the restrictions in Table 1, when applied. To avoid the mutual influence and mutual restraint between the elements and the existence of antagonistic relations.
2.2 Application Technology
In the process of planting organic vegetables, scientific fertilization should be applied to different vegetable varieties. Blindly applying organic fertilizer can also lead to excessive damage to nitrite in vegetables. The amount of fertilizer can generally be determined based on the nutrient content and release rate of the fertilizer, the nutrient demand of the vegetable, and the output.
3 Pest Control Technology
3.1 Agricultural Prevention and Control
Agricultural control uses the plant's own resistance and cultivation measures to control the occurrence and development of pests. The main measures are:
(1) Use varieties with strong resistance, preferably resistant to multiple pests and diseases, and suitable for local consumer habits and planting conditions; but not use any genetically modified vegetable varieties.
(2) The use of grafting, rotation, and intercropping techniques disrupts the law of life of pathogenic bacteria and eggs and improves the resistance of the vegetables.
(3) Deep-cultivation of loose soil and turning of soil in winter to kill overwintering pests. Accelerate the decomposition and decay of the diseased body; during the summer high temperatures, water is poured and then the plastic sheet is covered on the surface. Solar heat is used to disinfect the soil.
3.2 Physical control
(1) Use sun-shading nets and insect-proof nets to cover the vegetables on the floating surface to organize the invasion and spawning of various pests;
(2) Installation of frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp, induced color paper, etc.;
(3) Silver-gray reflective plastic film is suspended on the bedside during nursery and can be avoided:
(4) Hanging yellow plywood in the greenhouse, trapping whitefly, spotted fly of the Americas, winged pupae:
(5) At the time of agricultural activities, eggs such as Spodoptera litura can be removed manually and washed with water.
3.3 Biological control
Biological control is the use of beneficial microorganisms for pest control methods. In agricultural activities, we must focus on the protection and use of natural natural enemies, or artificial breeding, release, and introduction of predatory natural enemies. The predatory natural enemies include the six-spotted hummingbirds, small flower worms, black-sweeping armor, Chinese grasshoppers, big grasshoppers, ladybugs, and predator pupa. The parasitic natural enemies include Trichogramma, Cicada, Bumblebee, and Nematode. Abdomen wasp and so on. In addition, various polyhedral viruses of Bacillus thuringiensis can also be used to control pests and diseases.
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