Soil testing and formula fertilization technology is a new technology promoted in agricultural production today. For different types of crops and different growth periods, formulating fertilization according to soil nutrient content can greatly increase the yield of crops and save production costs. The fertilization method for different types of vegetables summarized in the vegetable test of the soil testing and fertilization project in our county last year is briefly described as follows:
First, the growth characteristics of vegetables and fertilization methods
1, vegetables are generally short-term nutrition crops, can be repeated broadcast many types of vegetables such as cabbage, radish, wax gourd, cucumber and other per mu production often up to 5,000 kg, which requires a large amount of fat. Some fast-growing vegetables such as cabbage, radishes, leeks, etc., due to a short growing period, the nutrients absorbed per unit time are much longer than those with longer growing period and higher yield. Therefore, more fertilizer should be applied during cultivation.
2. The absorption of soil nutrients by the vegetables depends largely on the development of the roots. Roots that are deeply rooted, rooted, rooted, and rooted (pumpkins, wax gourds, etc.) and vegetables with larger roots (beets, carrots) , eggplant, etc.), can absorb more nutrients, and can grow in thin soil, fertilization can be more generous; and poor root development, distribution, absorption of nutrients poor cucumber, onion, lettuce, etc., must be planted in fertile On the soil, it must be finely fertilized.
3. The requirements for soil nutrient conditions are different in each growth period of vegetables. The roots of vegetables are not yet well-developed at the seedling stage and the amount of nutrients is not too much. However, the requirements for fertilizers are very high. Some thin, available fertilizers should be applied properly; the vegetative growth of vegetables In the period and the result period, a large amount of nutrients must be absorbed and sufficient fertilizer must be supplied. Usually, measures are taken in stages, alternation of organic and inorganic fertilizers, NPK fertilization and micro-fertilizer balance, and fertilization and irrigation in order to give full play to fertilizers. Increase production.
4. According to the characteristics of fast growing vegetables, weak roots, and high yield, it is necessary to use organic manure and chemical fertilizer in combination with organic manure to provide not only a variety of nutrients for vegetables, but also to increase the yield and improve quality with the decomposition of organic manure.
Second, the classification of fertilizer application of different vegetables
1, leafy vegetables: leafy vegetables mainly cabbage, vegetables, spinach, leeks and so on. Nitrogen fertilizers are the main nitrogen fertilizers for leafy vegetables, but phosphorus and potash fertilizers are also required for the growth of nitrogen fertilizers. Such as the cultivation of Chinese cabbage, two fertilization begins to enter the rosette period and before the package is the key to high yield. If the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient during the whole growth period, the plants are short and the tissues are rough, and the leafy vegetables cultivated in spring are also easy to twitch early; if the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are insufficient in the late period of the leaf-type leaf vegetables, they are often not easy to bear.
2. Fruit and vegetables: Fruits and vegetables include melons, solanes and beans, and edible parts are reproductive organs. Generally, the seedlings need more nitrogenous fertilizer, but excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers can lead to leggy, but instead prolong the flowering result, which results in flowering and fruit drop. In the period of human reproductive growth, the amount of phosphate fertilizer needs to increase rapidly, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be reduced slightly. Therefore, phosphorus should be added. Potash fertilizer, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. After the cucumber is sitting on the melon, it should be re-fertilized, and each batch of melon should be supplemented once.
3, root vegetables: root vegetables are radish, carrots, mandarin, etc., edible parts are fleshy roots. In the early growth stage of root vegetables, more nitrogen fertilizer is needed to promote the formation of green leaves with large scales; in the middle and late stages of growth (in the root growth stage of the fleshy roots), more potassium fertilizer should be applied, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizers should be properly controlled to promote the transport of assimilated substances from the leaves into the roots so as to form powerful fleshy roots. . If the nitrogen fertilizer is too much and the potassium fertilizer is insufficient at the later stage of the growth of the root vegetables, the above-ground part will be prolonged, the rhizome will be small, the yield will be reduced, and the quality will be deteriorated.
Third, the application of organic fertilizer cultivation facilities
Greenhouses and other protected vegetables have a much larger amount of fertilization per unit area than exposed vegetables and are leached from rainwater. As a result, most of the remaining fertilizer remains in the soil, causing excessive concentrations of soil solution and impeding the absorption of root nutrients. To cultivate vegetables in the field, full consideration should be given to the post-effect of fertilizers for the former crops, organic fertilizers should be applied more, and chemical fertilizers should be used less frequently to avoid the damage caused by salt accumulation to the rear-row vegetables.
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