Release date: 2015-05-18
Human activities are no longer limited by daylight, and artificial light sources (including cell phone screens) allow thousands of people to stay up until dawn. Scientists have found that the price humans pay for these extra lighting is not just the circadian clock, but also obesity. Mouse studies have shown that exposure to excessive light causes mice to burn less fat. This discovery reveals important clues to effective weight loss, which is described in detail in the Science website.
Many mammals have two types of tissues that store fat: brown fat and white fat. The difference is that white fat is responsible for storing excess heat for emergency use, while brown fat cells burn fat to turn it into heat. Scientists have been hoping to lose weight by inducing brown fat to work. They found that when the β3 adrenergic receptor is activated, brown fat cells can burn more fat and generate more calories.
To investigate the effects of light on brown fat activity, the researchers divided mice into groups that were exposed to artificial light sources for 12, 16 or 24 hours a day, while monitoring the activity levels of β3 adrenergic receptors. The researchers also examined the rate at which brown adipose tissue absorbs energy molecules such as glucose and fatty acids from the blood and monitors its energy use. Studies have shown that when mice are exposed to light for extended periods of time (16 or 24 hours), brown fat absorbs less nutrients, beta 3 adrenergic receptors are less active, and burn less fat. The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, PNAS, on May 11.
The researchers also found that although the amount of food and activity were the same, mice exposed to light for long periods of time stored 25% to 50% more fat. This is because the fat molecules in the blood are absorbed by the white adipose tissue, which becomes the body fat in the traditional sense and leads to obesity, said biochemist Patrick Rensen of the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands.
This study again supports the association between circadian rhythm disorders and obesity. Rensen believes that prolonged light disturbs the circadian rhythm, weakens the activity of brown fat and eventually leads to obesity. In the short term, long-term light is even more likely to make you fatter than a high-fat diet.
The researchers cut off the connection between brown fat and the sympathetic nervous system, blocked the transmission of information to maintain the rhythm, and then repeated the previous experiment. As a result, no matter whether the illumination time is long or short, the nutrients absorbed by brown fat are significantly reduced. This suggests that destroying the rhythm signal of the sympathetic nervous system should be the way that long-term illumination affects brown fat metabolism.
Rensen pointed out that it is too early to give medical advice based on this, but those who want to lose weight can consider controlling the diet while controlling the lighting time.
Source: Biopass
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