With the development of protected cultivation, the use of plastic greenhouses to grow thin-skinned melons has continued to expand. The cultivation of greenhouses can be matured in advance and the economic benefits will increase significantly.
First, select varieties: winter and spring wolfberry cultivation must use early-maturing, cold-resistant, disease-resistant, high sugar content, good flavor varieties, such as Qingzhou silver melon, Hongcheng brittle, crisp brittle, lama yellow and so on.
Second, nurture strong seedlings: thin skin muskmelon seedlings standards are: green leaves; stem thick, short internodes; fibrous roots developed, no pests; seedling age of about 35 days, 4-5 true leaves.
1. Prepare nutritious soil with 60% fertile garden soil mixed with 40% decomposed ring fertilizer, then add 10% 50% carbendazim WP to each cubic meter of mixed soil. The nutrient soil is irrigated and the small arch shed is warmed up.
2. Seed treatment Put the seeds into warm water of 55-60°C and stir constantly to reduce the water temperature to 30°C and soak seeds for 4 hours. Then, 0.2% potassium permanganate solution soaked for 20 minutes, remove and rinse with water, wrapped with gauze, germination at 28-30 °C conditions. Wash with warm water once a day until most of the seeds are dewy.
3. Seeding sowing on a sunny day, soaking 1-2 seeds of germinated seeds in each nutrient bowl, then evenly covering 1 cm of moist nutrient soil, and then cover the film to increase temperature. Seedlings are generally sown from late January to mid-February.
4. Seedling management
(1) Temperature management. From sowing to emergence, 25-30°C during the day and 16-18°C during the night. After 3 days of sowing, the film should be removed, 25°C during the day and 13-15°C during the night. Ventilation and hardening of seedlings are carried out 10 days before planting, and can be maintained at 22-25°C during the day and 10-12°C at night.
(2) Water management. When pouring enough water at the time of sowing, before the first true leaf appears, it is generally not suitable to water. Seedlings can be watered 1-2 times during the seedling stage, and water can be poured 3-5 days before planting.
(3) Dwarf treatment and topping. When the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, 6010-6 ethephon spray can play a role in dwarfing and promoting female flower formation.
Thin-skinned melons are dominated by vine vines and sun vines, and they must be picked up early on the main vines in 3 true leaves.
In addition, after the muskmelon seedlings are unearthed, a 0.5 to 1 cm thick moist nutrient soil is spread over the seed bed once to fill the cracks and protect the earth. In order to prevent the occurrence of disease at the seedling stage, spraying 70% of mancozeb WP 800 times once every 7 days.
Third, planting: requires the soil plough layer deep, fertile, loose. In the greenhouse, high ridge colonization was used. Each acre requires the application of 4000-5000 kg of organic fertilizer, 100 kg of superphosphate, 40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, and 150 kg of cake fertilizer. 2/3 of the basal fertilizer is thrown into the soil when it is deeply plowed. After leveling the ground, press a small row spacing of 0.5 meters, a large row of 1 meter, draw a good line in the shed, spread the remaining basal fertilizer on the line, spread the width of 40 cm, and then mix with the soil, make the bottom width 40 cm, top 20 cm wide and 15 cm high.
Muskmelon seedlings colonize with 4-5 leaves. North China is generally planted in mid-March. Choose sunny days, dig a hole on the ridge, plant the seedlings by 0.4 meters from the hole, and pour enough water. Then close the hole, level the ridge, and cover the film.
IV. Management after planting
1. The temperature and humidity control requires a relatively high temperature at the seedling stage, which is maintained at 28-32°C during the day and 14-16°C at night. Therefore, the plastic film should be sealed during this period. After the planting, in case of cold weather, it is necessary to strengthen the heat preservation and cover the small arch shed in the shed. If necessary, cover the grasshoppers at night to prevent freezing seedlings. After easing the seedlings, appropriate ventilation and cooling should be 25-30°C during the day and 15-18°C during the night. After sitting on the melon, the temperature can be appropriately increased, and it can be maintained at 28-32°C during the day and 18-20°C at night. With the increase of temperature, greenhouses should be mainly ventilated to prevent premature injury of high-temperature wounds and melons. Muskmelon requires lower air humidity and relative humidity of 50%-60% is appropriate. If it is longer than 70%, it is prone to disease. Therefore, mulching should be adopted on the cultivation, and dark water should be poured under the film.
2. Apply top dressing with watering and top dressing in a timely manner. Apply 10 kg of urea per acre. Water should be controlled after emergence of female flowers. When most of the plants already have two melons sitting, they can begin to pour large water and apply 20 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre in combination with watering. The melon period can be topped with 30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per acre, and watered immediately. The melon period can also be combined with spraying for foliar dressing 2-3 times, 0.1% borax can be sprayed during the flowering period to facilitate fruit setting.
3. Pruning method is generally in the main vine when there are 5-6 true leaves when the picking heart; after the cranberry grows, each plant can stay vine vines 3-4, each vine vine sitting in 2-3 seats, can sit after the melon Leave 2-3 leaves topping. Sun Manhuan leaves 3-4 leaves after picking, leaving 4-6 melons per plant.
4. After pollination and opening of the female flowers, artificial pollination can be performed on sunny mornings. Pollen-free period, if no male or overcast, can also be used 2,4-D flower 2010-6-3010-6. After the melon is seated, the grass can be placed under the melon. At the same time choose sunny melons, improve the commercial nature.
5. Pest control For downy mildew, anthrax can be used 70% mancozeb WP 600 times, or 50% acetaminophen 1500 times, spray every 5-7 days, continuous spray 2-3 Times. For bacterial angular leaf blight and leaf blight, 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times, 77% kill 400 times, or 50% amorous copper 600 times spray can be used. In the case of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, dichlorvos can be used to kill adult insects or sprayed with 800-1000 times of 48% Locust EC.
V. Harvesting: Thin-skinned melon skin is thin, brittle, and impervious to transportation. Generally, it needs to be harvested at the age of nine. Harvesting should be based on the number of days from flowering to maturity, and the number of days varies from species to species, taking 28-35 days. At the same time, it can combine the typical characteristics of mature varieties, if there is a five-color change, the presence or absence of fragrance to determine whether mature. It can be harvested in late May.
Inner Mongolia Xuanda Food Co., Ltd. , https://www.xuandagroup.com