In the process of cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in the off-season, some mushroom farmers often suffer from the phenomena of mushroom rod barrels due to their neglect of the characteristics and specific facilities of the mushroom, which incurs great economic losses.
First, the reasons for the occurrence: 1. improper training materials. Produced directly from raw wood chips; or when the wood chips are not fully sun dried, they are put into production; or the culture materials are mixed with pine, fir, wood, and eucalyptus that are not suitable for the growth of the mycelium of the mushroom; or the culture material is left for a long time, resulting in Acidity of the material; or the moisture content of the culture material is too high or too low; or the addition of bran is too small, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is imbalanced, resulting in poor nutrition of the fungus tube. 2. The strains are not good. The varieties used have not been identified, and the strains are not suitable for cultivation in the off-season. The strains are degraded, aged, or subjected to high temperatures, and the vitality of the mushroom mycelium is weakened. 3. The hypha culture conditions are not suitable. Bacterial tube is seriously deficient in oxygen during the culture process, which results in low hyphae viability; or in the process of hyphae culture, high temperature is not treated in time, resulting in bacteria burning phenomenon; or in the later stage of culture, the temperature is too large and the bacterial skin is too thick; Or when the hyphae reach physiological maturity, the bags are not removed in time, so that the mushroom in the bag and the yellow water that has not been removed in time create conditions for breeding of the bacteria. 4. Poor management after bag taking off. After the bag is unpacked, it encounters high temperature and high humidity; or the cover of the mushroom shed is too low and too dense; or if there is too much water, the ventilation is poor; or the mushroom field is not sterilized and the water source mixed with pests is used.
Second, prevention and control measures: To cultivate healthy mycelium. Choose completely sun dried wood chips suitable for the growth of shiitake mushrooms; the amount of bran should be controlled at about 20%, and avoid reducing the amount at will. When mixing, the moisture content of the culture material should be controlled between 55% and 60%. The temperature, humidity, and ventilation of the culturing chamber should be adjusted during the mycelial culture to reduce the temperature difference. In the season when the temperature is high, it is necessary to evaporate the bacteria sticks in time to prevent burning of bacteria. Choose a good mushroom farm and do a good job in hygiene. To use mushroom sheds for two years, replace the mushroom farm. Mushrooms should be built in sandy loam fields with convenient ventilation, drainage and irrigation, and near clean water sources. Mushroom shed height of 2-2.4 meters is appropriate, leaving the passage between the shed, surrounded by two sparse two dense, in order to facilitate ventilation. Poorly ventilated mushroom shed top should not be too dense, well-ventilated can be properly encrypted, so that eight yin to the whole yin. The soil in the shed is treated with dichlorvos, phoxim, potassium permanganate, formalin and lime powder. The water source is best disinfected with bleaching powder. Timely bag transfer. Select the short-term temperature is stable at about 18-24 °C, when the bacteria reached the physiological maturity in time to take the bag to turn color, local yellow water to be promptly handled and found that the bag mushroom should be uprooted in time. When the temperature is high, the fungus should be sterilized for a few days after putting it under the field, and then the bags should be bagged for semi-artificial color change. Strengthen mushroom management. Combine the water spray every day with ventilation. In case of rainy weather, use less water or no water, and extend the ventilation time appropriately. When the temperature is too high, it is necessary to control the amount of mushroom buds so as to avoid excessive mushrooming, resulting in a decrease in vitality of mycelium. If a cartridge has been generated, the light can be rinsed with clean water. In severe cases, the rotten portion should be scraped off and the affected portion should be smeared with 5% lime water. At the same time, the water spray should be stopped to enhance ventilation. The mushroom farm can use the bleaching powder to disinfect.
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