1, improve the environment of the barn
The barn should be built in a well-ventilated place, with exhaust holes installed at the top of the grille, large ventilation fans and electric fans with large air volume to facilitate the discharge of heat and moisture, etc.; Reduce the heat of reflection and radiant heat into the cowshed; spray equipment can also be installed in the cowshed to reduce the temperature by taking measures such as walls, floors, etc. inside the house.
2, a reasonable mix of diet
In the summer, due to the high temperature, the consumption of dairy cows is reduced. It should be provided with good forage and good palatability to ensure adequate nutrients. It can change the structure of the diet and increase the energy and protein level of the dairy cow's diet, generally ranging from 10% to 12%, so that the nutritional level of the diet is not lower than: 7 MJ/kg for milk production, 16% crude protein, and crude Fiber 15%. For the high-yielding dairy cows, the dietary structure of the high-yielding dairy cows can be used as fine material, coarse material, and spastic matter as 6:3:1. If the quality of the coarse material is good and the quality of hay is high, the diet structure can also be changed to 6:4 for fine and coarse. Such a dietary structure is conducive to maintaining the normal physiological function of the rumen of dairy cows and ensuring the milk production performance of dairy cows. In addition, it is also possible to change some of the concentrates into condiment to increase palatability and to meet the cow's demand for water, and increase the amount of urine output of cows. If conditions permit, it is best to use TMR feeding technology to ensure balanced and comprehensive nutrition, improve feed palatability, and ensure the feed intake of dairy cows.
3, strengthen drinking water management
In high temperature weather, the cows have a large demand for water, and there is a temperature difference between cold water and urine. The cold drinking water can conduct heat and reduce the heat burden on the cow body. Therefore, it should be ensured that there is sufficient clean drinking water in the barn and playground, and it is better to use some cool well water or newly released tap water. This practice can achieve the purpose of maintaining normal body temperature by taking away excess calories from the body by increasing the excretion of urine. You can also feed saltwater bran soup to cows, which can increase appetite, ensure drinking water, regulate metabolism, and effectively control milk production.
4, establish a spray system
In hot weather, spray cooling system is currently the most practical and effective method of cooling livestock. When lowering the temperature, the ventilation of the north and south doors and windows of the cowshed should be turned on, and the fan should be turned on to accelerate the flow of air in the house. When opening the fan does not solve the cow's heat dissipation, mechanical ventilation can be combined with spraying. Spray cooling system is generally installed in the barn's feeding area, rest area and waiting area. The combination of water spray and fan will significantly increase the efficiency of evaporative heat dissipation and quickly remove the excess calories of the cattle body, so as to relieve the heat stress.
5, night feeding
To reduce the impact of high temperatures during the day on the diet, the cow should be given a full price feed at 15:00-5:00 or cool before sunrise to allow them to feed freely. This is especially important for high-yield dairy cows that produce more than 20 hours of milk per day, which helps to prevent milk production from affecting production. Dietary supply can account for 50% to 60%. In order to prevent the feed from accumulating fermented spoilage in the feed grains, it is necessary to allow the cattle to eat enough without wasting any forage. In addition, early and late stocking can be practiced to avoid the dual effects of daytime heat and the calories of the cows themselves.
6, add fat
Fat food has high energy density and less heat consumption, and it has a good effect on relieving heat stress. Whole soy, whole cottonseed cake or whole rapeseed cake can be directly mixed in the concentrate, with less than 3% when adding additional fat, to prevent rumen acid fermentation, the vitality is reduced, and the content of calcium in the diet should be 0.1%— 1%. Nowadays, fatty acid calcium is widely used in foreign countries because it enters the gastrointestinal tract and is not affected by microorganisms. It is decomposed into fatty acids and calcium ions in the small intestine and is absorbed. Experiments have confirmed that the use of 3% total fatty acids in the diet of dairy cows in the diet of calcium salt, so that the level of fat in the diet reached 5% -6%, the best utilization.
7. Use drugs with caution
In the high temperature season, the cow's skin evaporation, drinking water and urine output increased, and the loss of potassium was significantly higher than that of sodium. Therefore, the potassium level in the diet should be increased. Tests have shown that the addition of 0.3% KCl to the diet can increase the milk production by 8.2%, and the general supplement amount is 1.2% to 1.5% of the dietary material. If the concentrate is fed more, in order to maintain the normal concentration of hydrogen ions in the rumen and intestinal contents and body fluids, sodium bicarbonate should be added at the same time, which will help increase the proportion of acetic acid and propionic acid and reduce the production of acid. Improve the rumen fermentation environment, prevent acidosis, increase food intake and milk production. The amount of NaHCO3 added is generally 0.5%-0.7% of the dry matter intake, or 1.4%-3% of the concentrate feed.
8, keep cattle health
In production, keeping a full-body brush on the body for 0.5 hours per day is a very effective measure to relieve heat stress. If you need to spray the body of cattle is best to choose the daily 12:00 - 14: 00, and can not use too cold water, so as not to cause cold stress on cows. And keep cowsheds, cattle pens and chutes clean, regular disinfection, reduce mosquitoes and flies harassment, in order to facilitate safe cows over the summer.
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