When do you grow broad beans?
Generally spring broad beans in the north and northwest are planted from early March to mid-April; southern autumn broad bean areas are planted in October, that is, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in mid-October, the middle reaches in late October, South China and Zhejiang in late October, Yunnan Guizhou and Guizhou are three-dimensional agriculture, and the sowing date varies from September to October in different regions, with the largest sowing area in October and mid-October.
The normal condition of beans in the 1550-1700m above sea level is suitable for sowing on October 5-15; the bean production area of ​​1750-1900m above sea level will be sown on October 10-20; the altitude above 1950-2200m will be in October. Sow 15-25 days.
Broad bean planting method
1, species selection
In areas with fertile soil and high fertilization levels, fertilizer-resistant and lodging-tolerant varieties should be selected so as to increase production potential; in areas with low soil fertility and low fertilization levels, stable and stable varieties with wide adaptability and tolerance are selected. At present, the main varieties in our district are large-sized green beans "2002-40", "2004-44" and "79-6", "735-6-3" and so on.
2, seed processing
Broad bean seed treatment before sowing, sowing before the sun 2 ~ 3d, in order to increase the germination rate. Prior to sowing, 10 g of ammonium molybdate and 50 g of fortified zinc were used for every 667 g of seeds. First dissolve the ammonium molybdate with warm water, mix well with the seeds, mix well with the anthraquinone, and mix the seeds.
3, sowing time
Timely sowing is the basis for achieving full seedlings, strong seedlings and high yields of broad beans. Early sowing, high temperature, resulting in excessive growth, weak cold resistance, easy to freeze damage, flowering season is also easy to encounter low temperature hazards; if sowing too late, due to low temperature and long emergence time, emergence is uneven, plant vegetative growth Poor, low branches, and late maturation, so the output is low in the later period. According to the climatic characteristics of our region, the fields sown on or around October 10 are generally able to avoid heavy frost during the flowering stage and the crusting stage, and thus fall off lightly.
4, site preparation
Take 200 ~ 267cm pull wire to open the trench, the groove width 27cm, depth 27cm, net surface 173 ~ 240cm. The ditch communicates with the ditch, and the ditch of the poor drainage ditch must be dug deep, and the ditch should not be too wide. After taking up the ditch and smashing the soil, play the game on the spot and then cover it with fine feces or fine soil to ensure emergence.
5, reasonable close planting
Fields with good fertility conditions can be appropriately broadcast and those with poor fertility conditions should be planted properly. Field bean density is generally between 7000 and 8000/667, row spacing is 40cm 40cm, 3500 to 4000 ponds per 667 ft, seeding volume is 8 to 10kg, and density of peas in the mountain ranges from 9000 to 10000/667 vines. 40cm33cm, 4500 to 5000 plants per 667 plants, and 667 plants, 10 to 12.5kg.
6, fertilization
On the basis of 1,000 to 1500kg per 667 manure fertilizer, 30 to 40kg of calcium sulfate per 667g and 5 to 10kg of potassium fertilizer before sowing, the two fertilizers are mixed and applied to the middle of the pond, and the bean seeds are pressed on both sides of the pond. Separate it from the fertilizer and cover it with fine soil or fine manure. When 3 to 4 leaves of broad beans are used, 2 to 3 kg of urea, 10 to 20 kg of calcium, and 5 to 10 kg of potassium are used for every 667 torr. The three fertilizers are mixed and the water is poured into the roots. Flowering and poding period is the peak period of fertilizer requirement of broad bean, nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 80% of the total fertilization in the whole growth period, phosphorus accounted for 90%, potassium accounted for 63%, generally 3-5~5kg of urea per 667 ã€, 5kg of potash, water Pouring on the roots. In addition, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or molybdenum fertilizer can also be used for foliar spray to increase 100-grain weight.
7, irrigation, pruning
Broad bean is a crop that requires more water. There are few leaves at the seedling stage and the temperature is low. Generally, it is not watered. During the flowering stage, budding stage and bulging stage, sufficient water must be provided. The timely filling of flower buds, water buds, and granule water is the basis for ensuring normal growth of broad beans. When the length of the main stem and leaves is 3 to 4 times longer than that of the compound leaves, the main stem should be selected from the top 1 to 2 temporal leaves in time, and ineffective branches and weak branches are destroyed after the spring is opened.
8, adhere to chemical weeding and pest control
Timely removal of weeds in the field, prevention of rodent damage, timely prevention and treatment of spotted fly and disease. It is generally controlled 2 times before the beginning of spring and 3 times after the spring. The medication time is controlled in early December, late January and late February. Broad bean locust, root rot, and leaf spot disease are the main diseases and pests that damage the growth and development of broad beans, and timely prevention and treatment can reduce unnecessary losses.
9, harvest
Broad beans, which are eaten as vegetables, are selected based on the criteria of fullness and tenderness of the green and tender grains. If it is too early, the grains will be small, too young, and the yield will be low; if it is too late, the texture will be hard and it should not be eaten on the table. Choosing the best picking time can achieve better market economic benefits.
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