1. What is disinfection?
Answer: Disinfection is the use of physical, chemical or biological methods to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms in the external environment so as to cut off the transmission route and prevent the occurrence of animal infectious diseases.
2. Why should the breeding site be regularly sterilized?
A: Animal excreta, secretions, and animal carcasses can breed a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. The soil, water, and air around the breeding site can also be used as vectors for the spread of pathogens. In addition, mosquitoes, mice, wild birds, and humans are all It is possible to bring pathogenic microorganisms into the breeding site. It can be seen that the cultivation site is a place where pathogenic microorganisms accumulate. The pathogenic microorganisms in the environment seriously threaten the health of livestock and poultry on the farm. Once an outbreak of animal diseases (especially major animal epidemics) takes place, it will not be urgent to take measures. Therefore, regular environmental disinfection at the breeding sites minimizes pathogenic microorganisms in the surrounding environment where animals live, and can prevent pathogenic microorganisms from infecting animals, thereby effectively controlling the occurrence and spread of various animal diseases.
3. What are the commonly used disinfection methods?
A: There are four commonly used disinfection methods: First, mechanical removal. Using mechanical methods such as sweeping, scrubbing, and venting to remove pathogens is the most common and commonly used method. The second is physical disinfection. Use ultraviolet light, dry heat, damp heat, incineration and other physical methods to kill pathogens such as ultraviolet light, sun exposure, fumigation, steam sterilization, and incineration of dirt. The third is chemical disinfection. That is, chemical disinfection drugs are used to disinfect and kill pathogenic microorganisms. The fourth is biological thermal disinfection. The use of heat generated by microbial fermentation to kill pathogens is mainly used for the detoxification of feces.
4. What are the disinfectants commonly used in farms?
Answer: There are various types of disinfectants, which can be classified according to their nature: alcohols, iodine, acids, alkalis, halogens, phenols, oxidants, volatile alkylating agents, etc., commonly used in livestock and poultry farms. Kinds of disinfectants: 1 phenols: Lai Suer, carbolic acid, agricultural rich, bacterial enemy poison, bacteria poisoning, bacteria poisoning and so on. 2 Chlorine preparations: bleaching powder, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, composite sodium chlorite, etc. 3 iodine-containing species: iodophor, iodoform, iodine trichloride, iodine oxime. 4 quaternary ammonium salts: Benzochlor, 100 poisoned, disinfected, demifen, etc. 5 peroxides: hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, chlorine dioxide, ozone and so on. 6 alcohols: ethanol, isopropanol and so on.
5. What are the commonly used methods of chemical disinfectants?
A: The chemical disinfectant can be divided into three types: solid, liquid and gas. According to different needs, you can choose to use the soaking method (wash the item, dry it and then immerse it in the disinfectant solution), wipe method (use chemical disinfectant Wipe the surface of the object), spray (disinfect the chemical disinfectant evenly on the air or surface with a sprayer), and fumigation (heat the disinfectant or add oxidant so that the gas can be disinfected in a standard concentration and time. ) Disinfect with a sprinkler method (disinfect powdered disinfectants directly on the surface of the site).
6. What are the factors that affect the disinfection effect?
Answer: First, the nature of disinfectants. The disinfecting range, intensity, and action time of different types of disinfectants are not the same. The second is the disinfectant concentration and effect time. In general, when the concentration is high, the disinfection and sterilization effect is good. When the disinfection time is long, the chance of the microorganisms being killed is high. The third is the type and quantity of pathogenic microorganisms. In general, the stronger and more numerous the vitality of pathogenic microorganisms, the more difficult it is to sterilize. The fourth is the organic matter on the surface of the item. Organic substances can consume or inhibit the disinfectant's bactericidal ability and reduce the disinfection effect. The fifth is temperature and humidity. In general, raising the temperature can enhance the disinfectant's bactericidal ability. If the humidity is too high or too low, it will affect the disinfection effect. Six is ​​the pH. Disinfectants have the strongest bactericidal power in their proper pH range.
7. What precautions should be taken when disinfecting?
Answer: 1 According to different disinfection objects and disinfection purposes, choose the appropriate disinfection method and disinfectant. 2 The disinfectant used must be a certified product and within the validity period. 3 It is necessary to ensure that the concentration of disinfectant and the time of action meet the specified requirements. 4 First remove or clean the organic dirt on the surface of the disinfectant before disinfecting it. 5 Do a good job of protecting individuals and others during the disinfection process. 6 It is necessary to dispose of the sewage and dirt after disinfection to avoid secondary pollution. 7 Do not use the same disinfectant for a long period of time. Do not mix and use different types of disinfectant.
8. Which aspects of the farm should be disinfected?
A: Disinfection is an important measure for the prevention and control of diseases in livestock and poultry farms. It is necessary to adopt appropriate disinfection methods for different situations.
1 In and out personnel disinfection. When personnel enter the site, strict disinfection procedures must be followed: changing clothes, changing shoes, spraying and irradiating ultraviolet light before entering.
2 livestock and poultry house disinfection. After each batch of livestock and poultry is transferred out, the livestock and poultry houses should be thoroughly cleaned, rinsed with water, and then spray-disinfected or fumigated. After 5-7 days, it will be transferred to the next batch of new livestock and poultry.
3 disinfection of the environment. The surrounding environment of livestock and poultry houses should be regularly sterilized with 2% caustic soda or lime; the outlets around the livestock and poultry farms and on-site effluent pools, decompression pits, and sewers should be regularly disinfected with bleaching powder. The disinfectant should be replaced regularly at the gate of the entrance and the disinfection tank of the livestock and poultry house.
4 appliances disinfection. Regularly incubate the incubator, feed truck, bins, syringes, etc., and then fumigate in a closed room.
5 with livestock disinfection. Disinfection with livestock regularly helps reduce pathogenic microorganisms in the environment.
6 Disinfection of stored manure. Livestock and poultry manure should be transported to a lagoon, which is located far from the site, and piled up in a hardened cement pool. Disinfection should be carried out regularly around the waste storage site and can be disinfected with 2% caustic soda or lime.
7 disinfection of sick bodies. After the death of livestock and poultry, deep-buried, incineration and other detoxification treatments are required. At the same time, the original sheds, isolated breeding areas and other places were immediately sterilized to prevent the spread of the disease.
9. After livestock and poultry have been injected with vaccines, do they still need environmental disinfection?
A: Injecting vaccines and environmental disinfection are effective means for preventing and controlling animal diseases. The two have different focuses, but they are all very important.
Injecting vaccines can improve the animal's ability to resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, but if external pathogens persist, it will always pose a threat to animals, once the stress response due to severe weather changes, changes in feeding methods or startle, etc. With a decrease in resistance, it is easy to infect the disease.
In addition, the vaccine has specificity. It can only prevent one or more diseases, and the protection rate is not 100%. A small part of the vaccine will cause immune failure due to certain reasons, leaving the animals lacking immunity protection.
Environmental disinfection can eliminate or kill most of the pathogenic microorganisms in the environment, thereby reducing the chance of animal infections.
10. The virus has been eliminated. Will livestock and poultry no longer cause infectious diseases?
Answer: Although disinfection has been carried out, it does not necessarily result in a complete disinfection effect. This is related to the type of disinfectant used, the quality of the disinfectant, and the method of disinfection. At the same time, even if disinfection has been completely regulated, it will be safe in a short time, but many pathogens can be transmitted through the air, birds, rats and other media. Livestock and poultry themselves continue to pollute the environment and cause various pathogenic microorganisms to multiply in the environment. Therefore, it must be regularly, in place, thoroughly, and standardly sterilized. At the same time, it should be combined with planned immunization in order to greatly reduce the chance of infectious diseases in livestock and poultry, so as to avoid disease or less disease.
11. Is the disinfectant odor thicker and the better the disinfection effect?
Answer: The quality of disinfection is mainly related to its bactericidal ability and bactericidal spectrum. At present, some advanced and good disinfectants in the world have no odor; on the contrary, some disinfectants with strong odor and irritation have blind sterilizing areas, and the disinfectants with strong odor and strong irritating effect on the respiratory tract and body of livestock and poultry. Tables, etc. have some damage, but it is easy to cause respiratory diseases.
12. How to choose a disinfectant?
A: First, we must look at the effectiveness and try to choose a broad-spectrum, quick-acting, and long-acting disinfectant. Second, we must look at the stability, shadow selection is not affected by environmental factors, stability, long shelf life disinfectant. Third, we must look at safety and choose disinfectants that are safe to humans and animals, harmless to the environment, and free from secondary pollution. Fourth, we must look at economy, and choose low-cost, easy-to-use disinfectants under the premise of ensuring the required disinfection effect.
13. When should I disinfect?
Answer: Disinfection is divided into daily disinfection and emergency disinfection. Daily disinfection should be regularized, institutionalized, and standardized. It is necessary to formulate scientific disinfection procedures and to strictly disinfect the on-site environment in strict accordance with the procedures. Emergency sterilization is the timely and comprehensive disinfection of sites, people, livestock and poultry, vehicles, roads, ditches, appliances, dirt, drinking water, air, etc. within the epidemic as required after the occurrence of animal epidemics. After the epidemic is extinguished, A complete and thorough terminal disinfection must be performed.
14. How to protect personnel during disinfection?
Answer: Disinfectants are chemical drugs. Most of them are irritating, corrosive and even toxic. They may cause harm to the human body and must be protected when necessary.
First, before using the disinfectant to disinfect, be sure to read the instructions carefully to understand the nature and characteristics of the disinfectant, and do a good job of personal protective measures. The first is to wear protective equipment. Wear gloves and masks when disinfecting, and try to wear long-sleeved pants and rubber shoes to avoid direct skin contact with the disinfectant. When using fumigation and spray methods, wear eye masks as much as possible to avoid drug irritation.
The second is to use the disinfectant, try to stay away from the disinfecting place as far as possible. After the disinfection time is reached, clean it up again. After disinfection, the closed area must be opened for ventilation for a period of time before entering.
Third, some disinfectants are flammable and explosive drugs (such as ethylene oxide), and there must be no open flames or sparks during use.
Fourth, we must promptly clean up the residues caused by the use of certain disinfectants in the disinfection places so as to avoid contaminating nearby foods, water sources, soils, etc., resulting in secondary damage to people.
15. Does disinfection affect the immune effect of the vaccine?
A: Disinfectants have a killing or inhibiting effect on most microorganisms, but the effect of disinfection work on the vaccine immune effect is very limited. Because most of the vaccines are dead, they have been inactivated themselves, and the main method of immunization for animals is injection. The vaccine is directly injected into animals and is not easily inactivated by disinfectants. However, it is worth noting that when injecting live vaccines, it should be ensured that there is no disinfectant on the surface of the carcass to prevent the disinfectant from entering the animal through the injection hole, which will affect the immune effect. In addition, when using live vaccines such as spraying, drinking water, and acupuncture, it is also best not to sterilize to prevent disinfectants from causing the failure of live vaccines.
16. When using multiple disinfectants at the same time, will the disinfectant result be better?
A: The scientific use of two or more disinfectants does indeed work synergistically to improve the disinfection effect. However, different kinds of disinfectants may also have chemical interactions with each other, thereby reducing or even losing the disinfection effect. Therefore, chemical disinfectants must not be mixed and used by themselves, but must be used correctly under the guidance of experts in order to ensure the disinfection effect.
17. How to treat disinfection work correctly?
A: The regular and comprehensive disinfection of the breeding sites can play a very important preventive role, greatly reducing the occurrence of various types of animal infectious diseases and reducing the economic losses caused by animal diseases. But the disinfection work is not a panacea. He is only one of the means to control the occurrence of the disease. While disinfecting, it must also be well-managed for other aspects such as feeding and management, immunization, drug care, harmless treatment of corpses, and so on. Depends on the role of disinfection.
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