Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit behavioral characteristics such as social impairment, stereotyped repetitive behavior, and narrow interest. Epidemiological studies have shown that approximately 1% of children worldwide exhibit ASD. A large number of basic studies have used genetically modified mice to analyze the pathological mechanisms of ASD. However, there are huge differences in brain structural and behavioral characteristics between mice and humans, which seriously affects the clinical conversion value of mouse model studies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a corresponding ASD non-human primate model to promote the clinical transformation of basic research results.
The SHANK3 gene mutation has the highest frequency in ASD patients and is one of the internationally recognized genes for high incidence of ASD. Zhang Yongqing Research Group, Li Xiaojiang Research Group, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiang Yonghui, Professor of Duke University School of Medicine, and Lu Youming, Professor of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Guangzhou Yuan? Biotech Co., Ltd. worked closely with the CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology to target the SHANK3 gene in cynomolgus embryos, and prepared the mutant monkey progeny, and finally obtained three cynomolgus monkey offspring with the SHANK3 gene mutation. Complete loss of SHANK3 results in significant downregulation of some postsynaptic electron dense region proteins such as GluN2B, PSD95 and mGluR5, as well as aberrant subcellular localization of Homer1b/c. In the prefrontal region of the brain, which is responsible for advanced cognitive function and social behavior, the researchers found that the number of mature neurons in mutant monkeys was significantly reduced, while astrocytes were significantly increased. Dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortical neurons of mutant monkeys was also significantly reduced. Since the SHANK3-deficient mouse model did not exhibit the above pathological changes, these results indicate that SHANK3 specifically regulates cerebral development of primate embryos.
Whether or not the ASD gene affects brain development is a major scientific issue of concern in the ASD field. Previous studies have been unable to directly answer whether a particular ASD gene affects human brain development due to limitations in human brain material samples. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the neuropathological mechanisms of ASD and also reveals the importance and necessity of non-human primate models in studying the pathogenesis of ASD.
The study was published online July 25 in Cell Research (DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.95), titled Altered neurogenesis and disrupted expression of synaptic proteins in prefrontal cortex of SHANK3-deficient non-human Primate. Zhang Yongqing group doctoral student Zhao Hui is the first author of this article, and Dr. Li Xiaojiang Lab is the first author of the pool. The research was funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Shilajit is the most important medicine in Ayurvedic health preservation (Weida health preservation). It is the coal or lignite weathered on high mountains. It is the most natural and high-quality source of humic acid.
It is believed that this has beneficial effects on the kidney, urinary system and reproductive organs. It is believed that this has beneficial effects on the kidney, urinary system and reproductive organs. It is considered to have impotence and is used to treat impotence and infertility, both men and women. It is considered to have impotence and is used to treat impotence and infertility in men and women.
Shilajit improves protein and nucleic acid metabolism as a catalyst for energy proof reactions. This is a powerful kidney tonic and is also considered the best sexual violence and spiritual power. This is a powerful kidney tonic and is also considered the best sexual violence and spiritual power. It is often called Indian Viagra. It is often called Indian Viagra. It strengthens the effect of nitric oxide production in erectile men. It enhances nitric oxide production in erectile men.
Maca Root Extract, Maca Root Extract Powder, Tongkat Ali Extract, Shilajit Extract Powder
Xi'an Tian Guangyuan Biotech Co., Ltd. , https://www.tgybiotech.com